Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Vonnegut Cats Cradle

Vonneguts Cats Cradle vs Our Assumptions Regarding War, Progress, and ReligionIf one of Vonneguts purposes for writing is to poison minds with humanity (qtd. by Scholes, per Griffin), then the weapon of plectron in Cats Cradle, is satire. Cats Cradle poisons minds only by revealing the toxins that ar already present in the system. Vonneguts brand of satire serves as a sort of syrup of ipecac on human folly, and if we are to make a better world as he would have it, we should understand how truly virulent human enterprisingness can be.Cats Cradle holds no punches on conventionally held beliefs and opinions. Whether in regard to righteousness or science, business or government, sex or war, all topics are at the mercy of Vonneguts lampooning. The issue of religion is certainly a major target for Vonnegut, and he ingeniously uses irony to satirize religious folly. Cats Cradle introduces the new, non-religious religion of Bokononism, which, harmonize to its own doctrine, is entirely b ased on lies (14). By merely asserting that Bokononism is a more truthful religion because it is based on lies, it becomes as error-ridden as any other religion, including Christianity. An example of this is in Chapter 3, not coincidentally entitled Folly. Here, we are introduced to an Episcopalian woman who claims to understand God and His Ways of working(a) perfectly (13). When John (or Jonah) discovers that this woman cannot read a simple blueprint for a doghouse, he sarcastically suggests that she ask someone to get God to rationalise it to her, and in her anger at his effrontery, the woman fires him. John ends the chapter by stating she was a fool, and so am I, and so is anyone who thinks he sees what God is Doing (13). All of this is correct according to Bokonon, we are reminded (13), but we mustnt forget that Bokononism is a religion based on lies.

Drug Abuse in Canada :: Drug Abuse, Substance Abuse

Drug Ab pulmonary tuberculosis in CanadaIntroductionDrug use and abuse is as old as mankind itself. Human beings have always had a desire to eat or drink substances that make them feel relaxed, stimulated, or euphoric. Wine was apply at least from the time of the early Egyptians narcotics from 4000 B.C. and medicinal use of marijuana has been dated to 2737 B.C. in China. But it was not until the nineteenth century that the active substances in drugs were extracted. there was a time in history when some of these newly discovered substances, such as morphine, laudanum, cocaine, were completely unregulated and prescribed freely by physicians for a wide variety of ailments. Canadas Drug of Choice Marijuana Contrary to popular belief the rate of illicit drug use is actually on the decline. The most commonly utilize drug in Canada is Marijuana. According to the 2004 Canadian Addiction Survey, 44.5% of Canadians surveyed said that that used pot at least once in their lifetime.14.1% repor ted that they have used marijuana in the past twelve months. Those individuals that have used in the past year varies greatly, with 20.8% not having used at all in the past 3 months, while 204.9% claiming that they have used only once in the past 3 months. 16% reported that they used monthly, 20.3% was weekly, with only 18.1% reporting to be using daily. The province with the highest usage is British capital of South Carolina with an average that is significantly higher than the national level, at 52.1%. British Columbia also has the highest past year usage compared to the national average at 16.8%. As with alcohol, men (50.1%) are more likely than their female counterparts (39.2%) to have used marijuana during their life time. The same sample of men (18.2%) and women (10.2%) have used marijuana in the past year. This is up from 5.7% for men and 2.4% for women in 1993, over trio times higher for the men and four times for the women. The younger generations, like men, are more likel y to use marijuana, with approximately 70% of those between the ages of 18-24 old age old having tired it at least once. The youngest age group sampled, 15-17 years old, almost 30% of them used cannabis in the past year, peaking at 47% with the age group18 & 19 year olds. After this point usage within the past year tends to decline with only 10% of the population surveyed claiming they still use marijuana.

Workplace Observation Essays -- Pharmacies Pharmacy Business Essays

Workplace Observation I am currently employed at B&L pharmaceuticals, one of the largest manufactures of generic medications in the world. In this paper I will discuss how communication flows in my workplace, organizational diversity, and conflict management. With my current position as a Group attraction the flow of communication is very important.CommunicationCommunication at B&L consists of emails, work procedures and policies, telephones, and bulletin board postings throughout the facility. A majority of the emails are sent both internally and externally, make the bulk of the communication that takes place here at B&L. Using outlook express, emails also allow for the programing of meetings and appointments. Telephones are used to communicate within the company by dialing exte...

Puritan Depravity and Distrust in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay

prude Depravity and Distrust in materialization Goodman chocolate-brown Puritan doctrine taught that all men are totally depraved and require constant self-examination to see that they are sinners and unworthy of Gods Grace. Because man had down in the mouth the Covenant of Works when Adam had eaten from the Tree of Knowledge, God offered a new covenant to Abrahams people which held that election to Heaven was merely a possibility. In the Puritan religion, believers dutifully recognized the negative aspects of their humanity rather than the gifts they possessed. This shadow of distrust would have a direct influence on early American spick-and-span England and on many of its historians and writers, one of which was Nathaniel Hawthorne. The influence of Puritan religion, culture and education along with the setting of his hometown of capital of Oregon, Massachusetts, is a common topic in Nathaniel Hawthornes works. In particular, Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown allows the writer to examine and perhaps provide commentary on not only the Salem of his own time but also the Salem of his ancestors. Growing up, Hawthorne could not escape the influence of Puritan society, not only from residing with his fathers devout Puritan family as a child but also overdue to Hawthornes study of his own family history. The first of his ancestors, William Hathorne, is described in Hawthornes The Custom House as arriving with the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630 with his Bible and his sword (26). A further connection can also be seen in his more notable ancestor John Hathorne, who exemplified the level of zealousness in Puritanism with his role as tormenter in the Salem Witch Trials. The study of his own family from the establishment of the Bay Colony to the Second Gre... ... 40 (First Quarter 1994) 67-88. Grayson, Robert C. Curdled Milk for Babes The Role of the Catechism in Young Goodman Brown. The Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 16 (Spring 1990) 1-5. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. You ng Goodman Brown. 1835. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lauter et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Lexington Heath, 1944. 2129-38. Levin, David. What happened in Salem? 2nd ed. New York Harcourt, Brace and World Inc, 1967. Mather, Cotton. A discuss on Witchcraft. Levin 96-105. Murfin, Ross C. Introduction The Biographical and Historical Background. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlet Letter. Boston St. Martins Press, 1991. 3-18. Shuffelton, Frank. Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Revival Movement. The American Transcendental Quarterly 44 (Fall 1979) 311-321.

Essays --

A.A party system is the concept that political parties in a democratic country have basic similarities they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for coercive funding, information and nominations. From 1789 to the 1890s, the United States had three party systems.The First Party System consisted of Federalists versus Republican-Democrats (Republicans) from 1789 to 1816. This system can be considered to have developed as a pass on of the factions in the George Washington administration. The two factions were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams with Federalists and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison with the Republican Party. The Federalists argued for a strong national government, to push for aggressive scotch development with a greater emphasis on farmers and states rights. They preferred to practice loose constructionism (loose interpretations of the Constitution) to argue that government power should be used to promote e conomic development through the creation of a national bank, federally financed roads, harbors, and bridges. Federalists believed that Americas economic future depended on the cultivation of strong commercial ties with owing(p) Britain. The Republicans on the other hand wanted a small and weak national government to leave the citizens mostly free of taxation and government interference. hostile the Federalists, the Republicans supported a philosophy of strict constructionism (strict interpretation of the Constitution) in order to avoid the economy benefitting only a few wealthy northeasterners. They also believed that agriculture, sort of of manufacturing, should remain the countrys economic base and so they opposed closer relationships with Great B... ...e intent on preserving the interests of the common man. To do so, they favored the little national government and opposed, in particular, any Whig proposal that seemed to threaten their economic, social, or cultural freedoms. This period lasted until 1860. Lastly is the Third Party System from 1854 to the 1890s consisting of the GOP and the Democrats. solution around the time of the start of the Civil War, this system was defined by bitter conflict and striking party differences and coalitions. These coalitions were most evidently defined by geography. The South was dominated by the Democrats who opposed the ending of slavery, and the North, with the exception of some major political machines, was dominated by the Republicans, who supported ending slavery. This era was a time of extreme industrial and economic expansion. The Third Party System lasted until 1896.

Essays --

A.A party system is the concept that political parties in a democratic country have basic similarities they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, knowledge and nominations. From 1789 to the 1890s, the United States had three party systems.The First Party System consisted of Federalists versus Republican-Democrats (Republicans) from 1789 to 1816. This system can be considered to have developed as a result of the factions in the George Washington administration. The two factions were Alexander Hamilton and John Adams with Federalists and Thomas Jefferson and James Madison with the Republican Party. The Federalists argued for a strong field government, to push for aggressive economic exploitation with a greater emphasis on farmers and states rights. They preferred to practice loose constructionism (loose interpretations of the Constitution) to argue that government power should be used to promote ec onomic victimization through the creation of a national bank, federally financed roads, harbors, and bridges. Federalists believed that Americas economic future depended on the cultivation of strong commercial ties with Great Britain. The Republicans on the other hand wanted a small and weak national government to leave the citizens mostly free of taxation and government interference. Unlike the Federalists, the Republicans back up a philosophy of strict constructionism (strict interpretation of the Constitution) in order to avoid the economy benefitting only a few wealthy northeasterners. They also believed that agriculture, instead of manufacturing, should catch ones breath the countrys economic base and so they opposed closer relationships with Great B... ...e intent on preserving the interests of the common man. To do so, they favored the smaller national government and opposed, in particular, any Whig proposal that seemed to threaten their economic, social, or cultural free doms. This period lasted until 1860. Lastly is the Third Party System from 1854 to the 1890s consisting of the GOP and the Democrats. Beginning nearly the succession of the start of the Civil War, this system was defined by bitter conflict and striking party differences and coalitions. These coalitions were most evidently defined by geography. The confederation was dominated by the Democrats who opposed the ending of slavery, and the North, with the exception of some major political machines, was dominated by the Republicans, who supported ending slavery. This era was a time of extreme industrial and economic expansion. The Third Party System lasted until 1896.

The Lost Duke of Wyndham Chapter Twenty

Outside the carriage, the atmosphere was considerably less tense. The three men remained on horse cover song, n constantly rather in a line. Every now and thusly wizard of them would increase his pace or f completely behind, and one horse would pass a nonher. casual greetings would be exchanged.Occasionally someone would comment on the weather.Lord Crowland covermed rather interested in the native birds.Thomas didnt say much, tho dirt glanced oer at him good Lord, was he whistling?Are you happy? old salt asked, his voice a bit short.Thomas looked back in surprise. Me? He frowned, idea ab come forward it. I suppose I am. Its a rather fine day, dont you think?A fine day, tar echoed.None of us is trapped in the carriage with that evil old hag, Crowland announced. We should all be happy. Then he added, Pardon, since the evil old hag was, after all, grandmother to both of his companions.Pardons unnecessary on my account, Thomas said. I agree with your assessment completely.thi ther had to be some involvement significant in this, Jack thought that t inheritor conversation kept returning to how relieved they all were non to be in the dowagers presence. It was damned strange, to tell the truth, and yet, it did make one thinkWill I confine to live with her? he blurted out.Thomas looked over and grinned. The Outer Hebrides, my man, the Outer Hebrides.Why didnt you do it? Jack demanded.Oh, believe me, I will, on the off chance I close up possess any function over her tomorrow. And if I dontThomas shrugged. Ill need some sort of employment, wont I? I al appearances wished to travel. peradventure I shall be your scout. Ill find the oldest, coldest place on the island. I shall put one over a rollicking good magazine.For Gods sake, Jack swore. Stop talking wish that. He did non want this to be preordained. He did not want it to be understood. Thomas ought to be fighting for his place in the world, not blithely handing it over.Because he himself did not wa nt it. He valued lenience, and he cute his freedom, and more(prenominal) than anything, good at that very moment, he wanted to be somewhere else. Anywhere else.Thomas gave him a curious look unless said nothing more. And neither did Jack. Not when they reached Pollamore, or Cavan town, or even as they rode into Butlersbridge.Night had dour since fallen, precisely Jack knew any storefront, every nett signpost and tree. There was the Derragarra Inn, where hed got himself drunk on his seventeenth birthday. There was the butcher, and the blacksmith, and ah, yes, there was the oatmeal mill, behind which hed stolen his first kiss.Which meant that in five no, make that four more minutes, he would be home.Home.It was a word he had not schnorcheleed in years. It had had no meaning. Hed lived in inns and public houses and sometimes under the stars. Hed had his ragtag class of friends, but they drifted in and out of togetherness. They thieved together more by convenience than anything else. All theyd had in common was a shared past in the military, and a willingness to give a portion of their bounty to those who had reoff from the war less fortunate than they.Over the years, Jack had given money to men without legs, women without husbands, children without parents. No one ever questioned where hed got the money. He supposed his bearing and accent were those of a gentleman, and that was enough. People saw what they wanted to see, and when a former officer (who never quite got around to overlap his name) came bearing giftsNo one ever wanted to question it.And done all this, hed told no one. Who had there been to tell?Grace.Now there was Grace.He smiled. She would approve. Perhaps not of the means, but certainly of the end. The truth was, hed never taken anything from anyone who hadnt looked as if they could afford it. And hed incessantly been careful to more thoroughly rob the most aggravator of his victims.Such scruples would not present kept him fro m the gallows, but it had ceaselessly made him feel a bit better approximately his chosen profession.He acquired a horse draw up next to his, and when he turned, there was Thomas, now keeping pace beside him. Is this the road? he asked quietly.Jack nodded. salutary around the bend.They are not expecting you, are they?No.Thomas had far too much tact to question him further, and indeed, he allowed his mount to fall back by half a length, granting Jack his privacy.And past there it was. C hit the hayrhill. Just as hed remembered it, turf out maybe the vines had taken over a bit more of the brick facade. The board were lit, and the windows shone with w progressth. And even though the only earphones were those made by the traveling party, Jack could swear he could hear laughter and merriment seeping out through the walls.Dear God, hed thought hed missed it, but thisThis was something more. This was an ache, a true, pounding pain in his chest an empty hole a sob, forever caught in his pharynx.This was home.Jack wanted to stop, to take a moment to gaze at the graceful old house, but he heard the carriage drawing circumferent and knew that he could not keep everyone at bay sequence he indulged his own nostalgia.The last thing he wanted was for the dowager to barge in ahead of him (which he was quite certain she would do), so he rode up to the entrance, dismounted, and manner of walkinged up the move on his own. He closed his look and drew a long breath, and then, since he wasnt likely to amass any more courage in the next few minutes, he lifted the brass knocker and brought it down.There was no immediate reply. This was not a surprise. It was late. They were unexpected. The butler might cook retired for the night. There were so many reasons they should have got rooms in the village and made their way to Cloverhill in the morning. He didnt want The door opened. Jack held his hands tightly behind his back. Hed assay leaving them at his sides, but they s tarted to shake.He saw the imperfect of the candle first, and then the man behind it, wrinkled and stooped.Master Jack?Jack swallowed. Wimpole, he said. Good heavens, the old butler must(prenominal) be nearing eighty, but of stock his aunt would have kept him on, for as long as he wished to work, which, knowing Wimpole, would be until the day he died.We were not expecting you, Wimpole said.Jack tried for a smile. Well, you know how I like a surprise.Come in Come in Oh, Master Jack, Mrs. Audley will be so pleased to see you. As will Wimpole stopped, peering out the door, his wizened old eyes creasing into a squint.I am afraid that I brought a few guests, Jack explained. The dowager had already been helped down from the carriage, and Grace and Amelia were right behind her. Thomas had grabbed onto his grandmothers arm threatening, from the looks of it to give Jack a few moments alone, but the dowager was already showing signs of impending outrage.Wimpole? came a feminine voice. Who is here at this hour?Jack stood stiffly, hardly able to breathe. It was his aunt bloody shame. She sounded exactly the same. It was as if hed never left-hand(a)Except it wasnt. If hed never left, his tenderness wouldnt be pounding, his mouth wouldnt be dry. And most of all, he wouldnt feel so bloody terrified. Scared spitless at seeing the one person who had love him his wide disembodied spirit, with her whole heart and without condition.Wimpole? I Shed rounded the corner and was staring at him like a ghost. Jack?In the flesh. He tried for a festive tone but couldnt quite manage it, and deep inside, down where he kept his blackest moments, he wanted to cry. Right there, in front of everyone, it was twisting and squirm inside of him, bursting to get out.Jack she cried out, and she hurled herself forward, throwing her arms around him. Oh, Jack. Jack, my dear sweet boy. Weve missed you so. She was covering his face with kisses, like a mother would her son.Like she should h ave been able to do for Arthur.It is good to see you, auntie bloody shame, he said. He pulled her tight then and buried his face in the crook of her neck, because she was his mother, in every way that mattered. And hed missed her. By God, hed missed her, and in that moment it did not matter that hed hurt her in the worst way imaginable. He just wanted to be held.Oh, Jack, she said, smiling through her slits, I ought to horsewhip you for staying away so long. Why would you do such a thing? Dont you know how worried we were? How Ahem.bloody shame stopped and turned, still holding Jacks face in her hands. The dowager had made her way to the front entrance and was standing behind him on the stone steps.You must be the aunt, she said.bloody shame just stared at her. Yes, she finally replied. And you are?Aunt Mary, Jack said hastily, before the dowager could speak again, I am afraid I must introduce you to the dowager Duchess of Wyndham.Mary let go of him and curtsied, stepping aside a s the dowager swept past her. The Duchess of Wyndham? she echoed, looking at Jack with palpable shock. Good heavens, Jack, couldnt you have move denounce?Jack smiled tightly. It is better this way, I assure you.The rest of the traveling party came forward at that moment, and Jack completed the introductions, severe not to notice his aunt going from paler to palest after he identified the Duke of Wyndham and the Earl of Crowland.Jack, she whispered frantically, I havent the rooms. We have nothing grand enough Please, Mrs. Audley, Thomas said with a regardful bow, do not put yourself out on my accord. It was unforgivable for us to arrive without notice. I would not expect you to go to any great lengths.Although he glanced over at the dowager, who was standing in the hall with a sour look on her face perhaps your finest room for my grandmother. It will be easier for everyone.Of course, Mary said quickly. Please, please, its chilly. You must all come inside. Jack, I do need to te ll you Where is your church? the dowager demanded.Our church? Mary asked, looking to Jack in confusion. At this hour?I do not intend to worship, the dowager snapped. I wish to inspect the records.Does Vicar Beveridge still preside? Jack asked, trying to cut the dowager off.Yes, but he will surely be abed. Its half nine, I should think, and he is an early riser. Perhaps in the morning. I This is a matter of dynastic importance, the dowager cut in. I dont care if its after midnight. We I care, Jack cut in, silencing her with an icy expression. You are not going to pull the vicar out of bed.You have waited this long. You can bloody salutary wait until morning.Jack Mary gasped. She turned to the dowager. I did not raise him to speak this way.No, you didnt, Jack said, which was the closest he was going to come to an apology while the dowager was staring him down.You were his mothers sister, werent you? the dowager said.Mary looked a bit baffled at the sudden change of topic. I am.Wer e you present at her wedding?I was not.Jack turned to her in surprise. You werent?No. I could not attend. I was in confinement. She gave Jack a rueful look. I never told you. It was a stillbirth. Her face softened. Just one of the reasons I was so happy to have you.We shall make for the church in the morning, the dowager announced, uninterested in Marys obstetrical history. First thing. We shall find the papers and be do with it.The papers? Mary echoed.Proof of the marriage, the dowager bit off. She looked upon Mary with icy condescension, then dismissed her with a flick of her head, adding, Are you daft?It was a good thing Thomas pulled her back, because Jack would have gone for her throat.Louise was not married in the Butlersbridge church, Mary said. She was married at Maguiresbridge.In County Fermanagh, where we grew up.How far is that? the dowager demanded, trying to yank her arm free of Thomass grasp.Twenty miles, your grace.The dowager muttered something quite unpleasant. Jac k could not make out the exact words, but Mary blanched. She turned to him with an expression nearing alarm. Jack? What is this all about? Why do you need proof of your mothers marriage?He looked at Grace, who was standing a bit behind his aunt. She offered him a tiny nod of encouragement, and he cleared his throat and said, My father was her son.Mary looked over at the dowager in shock. Your fatherJohn Cavendish, you meanThomas stepped forward. May I intercede?Jack felt exhausted. Please do.Mrs. Audley, Thomas said, with more dignity and collection than Jack could ever have imagined, if there is proof of your sisters marriage, then your nephew is the true Duke of Wyndham.The true Duke of Mary covered her mouth in shock. No. Its not possible. I remember him. Mr.Cavendish. He was She waved her arms in the air as if trying to describe him with gestures. Finally, after several attempts at a more verbal explanation, she said, He would not have kept such a thing from us.He was not th e heir at the time, Thomas told her, and had no reason to believe he would become so.Oh, my heavens. But if Jack is the duke, then you Are not, he finished wryly. I am sure you can imagine our eagerness to have this settled.Mary stared at him in shock. And then at Jack. And then looked as if she very much wanted to sit down.I am standing in the hall, the dowager announced haughtily.Dont be rude, Thomas chided.She should have seen to Thomas shifted his grip on her arm and yanked her forward, brushing right past Jack and his aunt. Mrs.Audley, he said, we are most grateful for your hospitality. All of us.Mary nodded gratefully and turned to the butler. Wimpole, would you Of course, maam, he said, and Jack had to smile as he moved away. No doubt he was rousing the housekeeper to have her prepare the necessary bedrooms. Wimpole had always known what Aunt Mary needed before shed had to utter the words.We shall have rooms readied in no time, Mary said, turning to Grace and Amelia, who w ere standing off to the side. Would the two of you mind sharing? I dont have It is no trouble at all, Grace said warmly. We enjoy each others company.Oh, thank you, Mary said, sounding relieved. Jack, you shall have to take your old bed in the nursery, and oh, this is silly, I should not be wasting your time here in the hall. Let us retire to the drawing room, where you may warm yourselves by the fire until your rooms are ready.She ushered everyone in, but when Jack made to go, she placed her hand on his arm, gently holding him back.We missed you, she said.He swallowed, but the lump in his throat would not dislodge. I missed you, too, he said. He tried to smile. Who is home? Edward must have Married, she finished for him. Yes. As soon as we were out of mourning for Arthur. And Margaret soon after. They both live close by, Edward just down the lane, Margaret in Belturbet.And Uncle William? Jack had last seen him at Arthurs funeral. Hed looked older. Older, and tired.And stiff wit h grief. He is well?Mary was silent, and then an unbearable sorrow filled her eyes. Her lips parted but she did not speak. She did not need to.Jack stared at her in shock. No, he whispered, because it could not be true. He was supposed to have had a chance to say he was sorry. Hed come all the way to Ireland. He wanted to say he was sorry.He died, Jack. Mary blinked several times, her eyes glistening. It was two years ago. I didnt know how to find you. You never gave us an address.Jack turned, taking a few steps toward the asshole of the house. If he stayed where he was, someone could see him. Everyone was in the drawing room. If they looked through the doorway, they would see him, struck, ready to cry, maybe ready to scream.Jack? It was Mary, and he could hear her steps moving cautiously toward him. He looked up at the ceiling, taking a shaky, open-mouthed breath. It didnt help, but it was all he could manage.Mary laid her hand on his arm. He told me to tell you he loved you.Dont say that. It was the one thing he couldnt hear. Not just now.He did. He told me he knew you would come home. And that he loved you, and you were his son. In his heart, you were his son.He covered his face with his hands and found himself pressing tight, tighter, as if he could squeeze this all away. Why was he surprised? There was no reason he should be. William was not a young man hed been nearly forty when he married Mary. Did he think that life would have stood still in his absence?That no one would have changed, or grownor died?I should have come back, he said. I should have Oh, God, Im such an idiot.Mary touched his hand, pulled it gently down and held it. And then she pulled him out of the hall, into the nearest room. His uncles study.Jack walked over to the desk. It was a hulking, behemoth of a thing, the wood unnoticeable and scuffed and smelling like the paper and ink that always lain atop it.But it had never been imposing. Funny, hed always liked coming in here. It have the appearance _or_ semblanceed odd, really. Hed been an out of doors sort of boy, always running and racing, and covered in mud. Even now, he hated a room with fewer than two windows.But he had always liked it here.He turned to look at his aunt. She was standing in the middle of the room. Shed closed the door most of the way and set her candle down on a shelf. She turned and looked back at him and said, very softly, He knew you loved him.He shook his head. I did not deserve him. Or you.Stop this talk. I wont hear it.Aunt Mary, you know He put his fisted hand to his mouth, biting down on his knuckle. The words were there, but they burned in his chest, and it was so damned hard to speak them. You know that Arthur would not have gone to France if not for me.She stared at him in bewilderment, then gasped and said, Good heavens, Jack, you do not blame yourself for his death?Of course I do. He went for me. He would never have He wanted to join the army. He knew it was that or the clerg y, and heaven knows he did not want that.Hed always planned No, Jack cut in, with all the force and evoke in his heart. He hadnt. Maybe he told you he had, but You cannot take responsibility for his death. I will not let you.Aunt Mary Stop Stop itThe heels of her hands were pressed against her temples, her fingers wrapping up and over her skull.More than anything, she looked as if she were trying to shut him out, to put a stop to whatever it was he was trying to tell her.But it had to be said. It was the only way she would understand.And it would be the first time hed uttered the words aloud.I cannot read.Three words. Thats all it was. Three words. And a lifetime of secrets.Her brow wrinkled, and Jack could not tell did she not believe him? Or was it simply that she thought shed misheard?People saw what they expected to see. Hed acted like an educated man, and so that was how shed seen him.I cant read, Aunt Mary. Ive never been able to. Arthur was the only one who ever realized .She shook her head. I dont understand. You were in school. You were graduated By the skin of my teeth, Jack cut in, and only then, with Arthurs help. Why do you think I had to leave university?Jack She looked almost embarrassed. We were told you misbehaved. You drank too much, and there was that woman, and and that awful prank with the pig, and Why are you shaking your head?I didnt want to embarrass you.You think that wasnt embarrassing?I could not do the work without Arthurs help, he explained. And he was two years behind me.But we were told Id rather have been dismissed for bad behavior than stupidity, he said softly.You did it all on purpose?He dipped his chin.Oh, my God. She sank into a chair. Why didnt you say something? We could have hired a tutor.It wouldnt have helped. And then, when she looked up at him in confusion he said, almost helplessly,The earn dance. They flip about. I can never tell the difference between a d and a b, unless they are uppercase, and even then I Youre not stupid, she cut in, and her voice was sharp.He stared at her.You are not stupid. If there is a problem it is with your eyes, not your mind. I know you. She stood, her movements shaky but determined, and then she touched his cheek with her hand. I was there the moment you were born. I was the first to hold you. I have been with you for every scrape, every tumble. I have watched your eyes light, Jack. I have watched you think.How clever you must have been, she said softly, to have fooled us all.Arthur helped me all through school, he said as evenly as he was able. I never asked him to. He said he liked He swallowed then, because the memory was ascension in his throat like a cannonball. He said he liked to read aloud.I think he did like that. A tear began to roll down her cheek. He idolized you, Jack.Jack fought the sobs that were choking his throat. I was supposed to protect him.Soldiers die, Jack. Arthur was not the only one. He was merely She closed her eyes and tur ned away, but not so fast that Jack didnt see the flash of pain on her face.He was merely the only one who mattered to me, she whispered. She looked up, tasteful into his eyes.Please, Jack, I dont want to lose two sons.She held out her arms, and before Jack knew it, he was there, in her embrace. Sobbing.He had not cried for Arthur. Not once. Hed been so full of anger at the French, at himself that he had not left room for grief.But now here it was, rushing in. All the sadness, all the times hed witnessed something amusing and Arthur had not been there to share it with. All the milestones he had celebrated alone. All the milestones Arthur would never celebrate.He cried for all of that. And he cried for himself, for his lost years. Hed been running. Running from himself. And he was tired of it. He wanted to stop. To stay in one place.With Grace.He would not lose her. He did not care what he had to do to hold their future, but ensure it he would. If Grace said that she could not ma rry the Duke of Wyndham, then he would not be the Duke of Wyndham.Surely there was some measure of his destiny that was still under his control.I need to see to the guests, Mary whispered, pulling gently away.Jack nodded, wiping the last of his tears from his eyes. The dowager Good lord, what was there to say about the dowager, except Im so sorry.She shall have my bedchamber, Mary said.Normally Jack would have forbidden her to give up her room, but he was tired, and he suspected she was tired, and tonight seemed like the perfect time to put ease before pride. And so he nodded. That is very kind of you.I suspect its something closer to self-preservation.He smiled at that. Aunt Mary?Shed reached the door, but she stopped with her hand on the knob, turning back around to face him.Yes?Miss Eversleigh, he said.Something lit in his aunts eyes. Something romantic. Yes?I love her.Marys entire being seemed to warm and glow. I am so happy to hear it.She loves me, too.Even better.Yes, he murmu red, it is.She motioned toward the hall. Will you return with me?Jack knew he should, but the evenings revelations had left him exhausted. And he did not want anyone to see him thus, his eyes still red and raw. Would you mind if I remained here? he asked.Of course not. She smiled wistfully and left the room.Jack turned back toward his uncles desk, running his fingers slowly along the smooth surface. It was peaceful here, and the Lord knew, he needed a spot of peace.It was going to be a long night. He would not sleep. There was no sense in trying. But he did not want to do anything. He did not want to go anywhere, and most of all, he did not want to think.For this momentfor this nighthe just wanted to be.Grace liked the Audleys drawing room, she decided. It was quite elegant, decorated in soft tones of burgundy and cream, with two seating areas, a writing desk, and several cozy reading chairs in the corners. Signs of family life were everywhere from the stack of letters on the desk to the embroidery Mrs. Audley must have abandoned on the sofa when shed heard Jack at the door. On the mantel sat six miniatures in a row. Grace walked over, pretending to warm her hands by the fire.It was their family, she instantly realized, probably painted fifteen years ago. The first was surely Jacks uncle, and the next Grace recognized as Mrs. Audley. aft(prenominal) that wasGood heavens, was that Jack? It had to be. How could someone change so little? He looked younger, yes, but everything else was the same the expression, the sly smile.It nearly took her breath away.The other three miniatures were the Audley children, or so Grace assumed. Two boys and one girl. She dipped her head and said a little prayer when she reached the younger of the boys. Arthur. Jack had loved him.Was that what he was talking about with his aunt? Grace had been the last to enter the drawing room shed seen Mrs. Audley pull him gently through another doorway.After a few minutes the butler arrived, a nnouncing that their rooms had been prepared, but Grace loitered near the fireplace. She was not ready to leave this room.She was not sure why.Miss Eversleigh.She looked up. It was Jacks aunt.You walk softly, Mrs. Audley, she said. I did not hear you approach.That one is Jack, Mrs. Audley said, reaching out and removing his miniature from the mantel.I recognized him, Grace murmured.Yes, he is much the same. This one is my son Edward. He lives just down the lane. And this is Margaret. She has two daughters of her own now.Grace looked at Arthur. They both did.I am sorry for your loss, Grace finally said.Mrs. Audley swallowed, but she did not seem to be near tears. Thank you. She turned then, and took Graces hand in hers. Jack is in his uncles study. At the far end of the hall, on the right. Go to him.Graces lips parted.Go, Mrs. Audley said, even more softly than before.Grace felt herself nod, and before shed had time to consider her actions, she was already in the hall, hurrying down toward the end.To the door on the right.Jack? she said softly, button the door open a few inches.He was sitting in a chair, facing the window, but he turned quickly and stood at the sound of her voice.She let herself in and closed the door gently behind her. Your aunt said He was right there. Right there in front of her. And then her back was against the door, and he was kissing her, hard, fast, and dear God thoroughly.And then he stepped away. She couldnt breathe, she could barely stand, and she knew she could not have put together a sentence if her life had depended on it.Never in her life had she wanted anything as much as she wanted this man.Go to bed, Grace.What?I cannot resist you, he said, his voice soft, haggard, and everything in between.She reached toward him. She could not help it.Not in this house, he whispered.But his eyes burned for her.Go, he said hoarsely. Please.She did. She ran up the stairs, found her room, and crawled between her sheets.But she shivered all night.She shivered and she burned.

One of the Most Important Discoveries Is Mineral Oil

Mineral embrocate had been discovered a long time ago but it was not known how to use it, until 1892. Rudolf diesel engine invented diesel fuel to be use in engines. Now, diesel fuel is employ worldwide. Mineral oil includes many another(prenominal) different compositions therefore, many kinds of products which bring many benefits to people be made from mineral oil such as hitman, petrol, lubricant, tar and so on. Mineral oil has been use in many field of life. First of all, gas, a light component of mineral oil (from C1 to C4), is used widely in daily life, especially, in creating electricity.Therefore, this power is exploited by closely of countries to provide electricity to people. Although, there are many sources of power such as nuclear energy, solar energy or waterpower and so on, they cannot replace gas because it is hard to produce such sources of energy and their cost is expensive.. Moreover, gas is an important fuel, which is used in the family to cook and to keep wa rm in the winter. Most of the countries in Europe be on this power source. Consumption for gas is 100m3 a person a year (2008).Therefore, gas is a necessary fuel that is used in daily life. Second, petrol, a heavy component of mineral oil (from C6 to C10), is used a lot in industry it is an important fuel that is used essentially in the transportation industry, such as in airports, shipping, road travel, rail travel and so on. Most engines use this fuel. We also recognize the magnificence of this fuel in American transportation. Petrol is used 70 to 100 per cent (2007). Each person uses, on average, twenty-five cans of petrol for his vehicle a year.The Vietnamese used fourteen million tons in 2007. Therefore, petrol is very important and necessary in our lives. The heavy component of mineral oil makes other products tar, candle wax, lubricants, and so on. They are useful and many countries use it. For example, a lubricant is used to prreserve energy by decreasing temperature. Tar is used to build infrastructure on roads, bridges, and so on. Finally, mineral oil is also an essential resource of some countries, especial some Middle East countries.These countries depend only on this source to develop their resources in exporting. In summary, discovering mineral oil was a great success of human beings because it brought many advantages to people. Although there are many other sources of energy used, they do not replace mineral oil. Mineral oil is a valuable resource therefore, we must know how to right on use it in order to bring welfare to people but not lose the balance in our ecological environment by pollution.

Bill Gates & Steven Jobs

Bill supply & Steven Jobs The technology term today is growing rapidly in hi enemy between different companies, and between different company leaders, and in this essay I will compare ii famous battalion in this flying sphere. These devil famous persons are Bill Gats Steven Jobs . However, Gates and Stevens share some surprising similarities. Some of you may think that because Gates and Jobs work at the same field which is technology. These two persons are similar because of three main reasons, they have the same characteristic, the same education note, and the same failed of the job.One major similarity of these two persons is the special characteristics that they have. For example, both Steven Jobs and Bill Gates are intelligent innovative thinkers who have always new things to show and give to the world, and also both of them are known as the best-known entrepreneur of the personal computer revolution in the modern age. Moreover, Bill Gates has this energetic spirit whic h spread to cover all the people who are surrounding him, and also Steven Job had this special thing which admires the others and encourages them. Therefore, because of these special qualities that they both have they become famous and popular.Another similarity between Gates and Steven is the situation that they both had in their education. They both had been dropped from the college and then they complete studying by their self. Actually, Bill Gates had been dropped from Harvard University because he had some problems in studying in the second-year year. On the other hand, Steven Jobs had been dropped from Reed University because he had some problems in covering the tuition fees. Moreover, Steven Jobs and Bill Gates have big similarity because of the same field that the both work in which is technology.To illustrate, Steven Jobs worked at Apple, and he is the best known as co- founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. In contrast, Bill Gates is the best known c hairman of Microsoft company , and everybody know well that these two companies are the greatest in technology From the information given, we can say that these two persons are the largest contributors of the modern technology revolution. Also, we can infer that there a lot of similarities between them which represented in characteristic, education, and the field of job. Therefore, these people perpetuate their names for their big achievements that they did.

Samsung Electronic Corporation: Governance of Chaebols

CASE SAMSUNG ELECTRONIC CORPORATION GOVERNANCE OF CHAEBOLS Copyright Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Professor Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes and Rakhi Kumar, Yale MBA02 prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to dilate the effective or ineffective establishment of an organization. Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes INTRODUCTION theatrical role Samsung Electronics Prior to the Asian currency crises, S push throughh Korea was an investing destination for several institutional investors and rising commercialize funds. Throughout the early nineties the country experienced an economic boom. federation Korean conglomerates, locally know as chaebols, had diversified into various industries from cars to microchips. Samsung Electronics potful (Samsung Electronics), a rising star in the Samsung Chaebol was considered to be a postgraduate growth caller. However, in 1997, the Asian currency crises magnified the problem of the Chaebol structure and highlighted the t ake away for institution reforms. By 1999, a shareholder rights activist in southeastward Korea Prof. Hasung Jang had taken up the cause of nonage shareholders of Samsung Electronics.With the protagonist of foreign institutional investors, he plotted to fight for brass instrument reforms in South Korea. As a corporate governance specialist, Samuel Smith, had been contracted by a large foreign institutional investor to help reform Samsung Electronics. KOREAN CHAEBOLS Establishment, growth and structure. In order to accelerate economic growth in the 1970s, the Korean government formulated industrial policies that encouraged investment in heavy and chemical industry (HCI). Funded largely by government-controlled banks, affluent families took advantage of the liberal policies and caboodle up ompanies in these industries. By the end of the 1970s approximately 80 percent of fixed investment in the manufacturing sector was in HCI railway linees. Between 1962 and 1982, annual growth averaged 8. 4%, although by the end of the 1970s production power in priority sectors was falling. As a result, there was excessive investment in the HCI industries and little allotment efficiency in the bully markets1. Due to over investment in the HCI industry and small internal markets, companies began diversifying into unrelated businesses, giving birth to the Korean Chaebols.Government intervention in resource allocation proved to be very costly. Enterprises that had access to preferential policy loans or tax incentives tended to expand their businesses The Institute for International Economics Financial Services easiness in the WTO Case Study of South Korea 1 1 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics rapidly without careful appraisal of investment projects. Since the government largely do bestow decisions, creditor banks had little incentive for credit evaluations or loan monitoring.As a result, firms were heavily leveraged and borrowed from informal c redit markets as they were usually pressed for working capital. This structural helplessness put the rescue on the verge of a financial crises in early the 1970s and then again in the 1980s2. However, public purse bailing out of large enterprises became the norm and people were made to believe that chaebols were too big to fail. When the government decided to open up the South Korean economy, many of the evasive measures that local companies had enjoyed during the teachingal era were removed.Companies that had expanded into unrelated businesses found that they no longer had access to government capital. Initially, banks were besides not interested in funding these projects, nor did they have the expertise to evaluate these new high-risk businesses. Hence, business groups started creating their own group wide internal capital markets. Transfer pricing, cross-share holdings and cross-guarantee of debts were some of the mechanisms employed by chaebols to fund expansion. They pool ed any funds available to the subsidiaries to supplement outside funding of new projects.Operations of these internal finance markets were not necessarily based on efficiency in resource allocation but were practically driven by the interests and concerns of the controlling families. 3 Many Chaebols invested overseas and globalization was the new theme. However, the globalization strategy was not well planned. Chaebols held onto the management strategy that they had been practicing over the last thirty years growth in size ignoring profitability financial structure with high debt-to equity ratio and cross debt guarantee among interact companies. By 1997 there were over fifty chaebols in South Korea, each with a myriad of affiliated companies all linked to one other through a complex network of cross-holdings. Ownership and affiliation details of twenty chaebols are provided in salute 1. Family-Based Business throngs Degeneration of Quasi-Internal Organizations and Internal Mar kets in Korea by Sang-Woo Nam, December 2001. 3 Ibid. 4 Corporate Governance and Economic Development The Korean receive by Ha birdsong Jang. 2 2 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes THE SAMSUNG GROUP It is all in the family.Case Samsung Electronics Founded in 1938 by Mr. Byung Chul Lee, Samsung Groups original line of business was exporting dried fish, vegetables and fruits produced around Korea to Manchuria and Beijing in china. Within a few years of incorporation, the company expanded its operations to include manufacturing and sales when it set up a flourmill and bought confectionary machines. In the 1970s it diversified into the petrochemical, electronics and heavy industries. By early 1990s, the Samsung Group had grown into the quaternionteenth largest company in the world.It had diversified into foursome primary industries, and had over twentyfive affiliated companies. Like most Korean companies, the Samsung Group structure developed into a confusing maze of cross-ownership a mong affiliated companies. present 2 provides a list of affiliated companies in the Samsung Chaebol while Exhibit 3a and 3b shows the complex crossownership structure among the affiliated companies. For example, according to Exhibit 3a, affiliated companies owned 15. 83% of Samsung Electronics. Exhibit 3b provides the break up of ownership between affiliates.Therefore, Samsung Company owns 4. 45% of Samsung Electronics, Samsung Life Insurance owns 8. 16% and so on. By 1997, combined annual revenues of all the businesses in the group were close to USD 100 billion, with profits reaching USD 290 million. The Samsung Group constituted approximately 10% of the total market value of all companies listed on the Korean form market. However, resembling all other chaebols, its debt-to-equity ratio hovered around 365%. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CORPORATION Governance of Cheabols. Samsung Electronics was established in 1969.By the mid 1990s, it had strategically invested in research and developmen t of DRAM chips and had grown into a billion dollar company. Exhibit 4 shows the contribution made by Samsung Electronics to the overall revenues and profits of the Samsung Cheabol. By the late 1990s, Samsung Electronics had 24 production subsidiaries, 35 sales subsidiaries and 20 branch offices around the world including North America, Europe, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, China and Latin America. It 3 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics managed four strategic businesses in the fields of Home, Mobile, Office Network and Core Components.However, in 1997, excess production capacity in the microchip industry lead to a downward spiral in chip monetary values. Profits at Samsung Electronics plunged to new lows. The Asian Currency crises compounded the problems facing the company. By late 1997, the companys debt totaled 13 trillion won (approximately USD 9 billion) and more than 70 percent of it was in foreign currency loans5. The financial run on the economy by for eign institutional investors saw the countrys currency tumble 10. 6 percent. Domestic interest rates on threeyear corporate bonds correspond 30. 1 percent.The US rating agencies, in addition to downgrading the sovereign debt to junk bond status, also lowered the credit worthiness rating for several of the largest South Korean companies including Samsung Electronics6. The companys share prices reflected the macro and micro economic turmoil faced by the company. Exhibit 5 provides daily share prices of the Samsung Electronics stock on the Korean stock exchange for a 15-month period starting September 1996. However, a liner trend line indicates that, by and large, the share price was declining marginally but was above the 50,000 won mark.After a period of negative results, minority shareholders started questioning governance practices of the company. They alleged that Samsung Electronics had neither internal or foreign corporate governance mechanism which acted as checks and balances and that all management decisions were made taken by the Chairman. The internal mechanisms such as dining table of Directors and Auditors, did not scarper properly at least when it came to monitoring the Chairman. For example they questioned the boards decision of acquiring shares of a firm, Ichon Electric, whose financial stability was shaky.This acquisition cost Samsung Electronics 27. 6 billion won when the company went bankrupt a few years later. 7 When things starting going wrong, neither the Chairman nor the jump on of Directors took any certificate of indebtedness for failed investments or even for illegal activities. Instead the chaebol lobby caterd a report attacking minority activism. They said, Minority shareholders rights to demand compensation should be respected solely in the event of embezzlement and other illIR on the net How they did it at Samsung Electronics. http//www. ironthenet. com/feature. sp? current=1&articleID=2289 6 Washington Post Foreign Service So uth Korea Takes Three More Punches by Steven Mufson. 7 Korean IT News civil Group Challenges Samsung Chairmans Alleged Mismanagement by Kim Deok-hyun. 5 4 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics intentioned behaviors. Managerial misjudgments should not be the subject of criminal liabilities. Activism can also harm the interests of majority shareholder and decision-making by management. 8 In 1998, the Board of Directors of Samsung Electronics consisted of twenty-three members.This number had been trimmed from the previous year when the board comprised of fortythree carry onors. Exhibit 6 provides a profile of the directors on the board of Samsung Electronics. Some shareholders believed that accounting habit and improprieties had become standard practice and company funds had been used to make political contributions in the Chairmans name. A minister in the Korean cabinet faced corruption allegation that he earned USD 1. 4 million when he was given an interest-fre e loan from Samsung Electronics and acquired the Companys shares at a discount rate while he was an outside director on the company board. External mechanism such as markets for corporate control also did not exist and legal protection of shareholders rights was limited. 10 Courts in Korea did not have experience of dealing with corporate governance cases and often their rulings seemed to go soft on the guilty. For example, the Suwon District Court ordered Samsungs Chairman Lee to return to the Samsung companies 7. 5 billion won in damages on charges of providing bribes to former president Roh Tae-woo. However, the court did not demand that Lee take legal responsibility for the two mismanagement cases of his groups ubsidiaries, saying he did not get into in the decision-making. 11 Samuel Smith wondered if the allegations of the minority shareholders held any merit. Internal and external economic forces had not changed much in the last decade, yet it was only later the Asian curren cy crisis that these allegations were being made. The Korean Herald Chaebol face tough attacks from minor shareholders by Yoo Cheong-mo February 25,1999. 9 AFX News Limited South Korean teaching method minister resigns amid corruption allegations August 31, 2000. 10 Corporate Governance and Economic Development The Korean Experience by Hasung Jang. 1 Korean IT News Civic Group Challenges Samsung Chairmans Alleged Mismanagement by Kim Deokhyun. 8 5 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes HASUNG JANG The voice of minority shareholders. Case Samsung Electronics Dr. Hasung Jang is a well know minority shareholder rights activist in South Korea. He received his MA in economics from the New York State University and a Ph. D. in finance from the Wharton School. On returning to South Korea, he joined the Korean University as a professor of finance and the director of the Center for Finance and Banking Research.As the Chair of the Participatory frugality Committee, a minority shareholder protecti on civil group, under the umbrella of the Peoples Solidarity for Participatory Democracy, Dr. Jang took up the cause of shareholder rights in Korea. He undertook investigations to evaluate the governance of chaebols and financial dealings among affiliated companies. Dr. Jang targeted Samsung Electronics and made allegations of self-dealing transactions. In particular he spoke about a transaction dated 24 March 1997, when Samsung Electronics made a private placement of unsecured convertible bonds worth 60 billion won (US $46. million). He was troubled by the fact that the bonds had been sold to company insiders. The Chairmans son had purchased 45 billion won worth of bonds and another Samsung affiliate had purchased the re importanting bonds worth 15 billion won12. Dr. Jang alleged that this issue was at unfavorable bourns for the company and called into question the price of the bonds. On their part, company executives explained that Samsung Electronics was badly in need of fund an d that international funding, which previously was the main source of capital had dried up after the Asian currency crises.Further, as the company was finding it extremely difficult to raise money from domestic financial institutions they had little choice but to privately place the bonds. Besides the amount raised was less than one percent of existing long term loans. Dr. Jang also alleged that Samsung Electronics had both straightway and indirectly funded the Samsung Groups doomed venture into the car industry at the expense of minority shareholders. Samsung Electronics had acquired a 21. 1% guess in Samsung Motors at the acquisition cost of 170 billion won (USD 106 million).The indirect investment of Samsung Electronics into Samsung Motors was in the form of a joint investment correspondence between 12 Nascent Stages of Corporate Governance in an Emerging Market regulatory change, shareholder activism and Samsung Electronics by Hasung Jang and Joongi Kim. Corporate Governance Volume 10 Number 2 April 2002. 6 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics an Ireland-based paper company called Pan-Pacific Industrial Investments (PP) and Samsung Electronics (and two of its affiliated companies). At first lance the PP agreement looked like a direct investment into Samsung Motors by a foreign entity (PP) in accordance with Korean laws regulating foreign exchange. However, under the terms of the joint venture agreement, Samsung Electronics had guaranteed PP a certain rate of return through put and call options within a specified redemption period, on Samsung Motor shares it (PP) owned. This arrangement was made in addition to bridge loans made by Samsung Group to PP. Dr. Jang alleged that that this transaction was not a clear direct investment and in fact violate legal requirements for other types of transactions.Samsung Electronics rebutted the allegations and explained that the put and call options were just clauses in the agreement put there to provide additional security for PP. The Company was more like a third party in the transaction and the agreement did not have any financial implications for the shareholders. SAMUEL SMITHS TASK 1997 had been a troubled period for Korean companies. The country had experienced a severe economic shock, which had practically destroyed the economic structure that had developed over the past four decades.It was confusing and disconcerting times for companies and investors, all of whom has suffered tremendous loss. Sam had to objectively analyze the allegations made by the minority shareholders and check for fundamental problems at the company. Naturally, dealing with an emerging market came with its challenges. For one, economic data was scarce and very little corporate information was in public available. As Sam sat down to prepare for his meeting with his customer he made a list of questions he needed to answer. 1. What are the benefits and disadvantages of the Korean chaebol structur e?In particular what governance issues can arise due(p) to this structure? 2. Analyze the capital structure of Samsung Electronics. Compare it with the capital structure of a company in the similar line of business (primarily manufacture of chips) from another developed country and comment on the differences. 7 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics 3. If Samsung Motors makes an after tax profit of USD100 million, what share of that would go to the Lee family (owners)? What percentage of Samsung Motors do they directly own? Note You do not have to provide the exact number. A good approximation will be adequate. ) 4. The client wants to recommend governance changes with special emphasis on the board of directors. Evaluate the current board of Samsung Electronics. What are the strengths and weaknesses in the current board composition? How many directors can be classified as non-executive? How many can be classified as independent? What are your criterias for assess ing director independence? Do you think changes need to be made to the current board composition?If no why not, if yes what changes would you recommend? 5. Based on the companys financials as of December 31, 1997 and publicly available information, investigate the allegations made by Dr. Jang. Do you think the convertible bond issue was a self-dealing transaction? How would you prove that claim? What evidence do you have on you claim? (Note you are not expected to do a DCF. ) 6. Does the agreement with the Pan-Pacific Industrial Investment resemble a simple direct investment or something else? Why was the guarantee clause included in the contract? Does it change the instrument?If you were on the Audit committee of the company what questions would you wait about this transaction? 8 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Exhibit 1 Share Ownership and classs of Chaebols Controlling Family Ownership Ownership Affiliates No. of (%) (%) Affiliates 5. 00 20. 98 8. 50 36. 05 6. 49 6. 61 13. 8 8 6. 45 12. 62 27. 73 5. 72 4. 57 18. 56 23. 91 21. 22 16. 31 2. 48 15. 33 14. 36 5. 33 6. 38 11. 29 30. 20 28. 57 30. 11 35. 74 24. 35 29. 60 43. 19 35. 95 22. 94 20. 36 17. 07 37. 92 18. 64 28. 35 37. 70 14. 20 21. 29 25. 64 25. 52 29. 76 30. 09 43. 24 44 28 27 22 18 17 17 15 13 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 8 6 6 5 5 3Case Samsung Electronics Cheabol LG Hyundae Sam-sung Lotte Dae-woo Han-Wha Doo-San Ssang-Yong SK Han-Jin Dae-Rim Kolon Hyo-Sung Han-il Dong-Kuk steel Kum-Ho Kia Sam-mi Dong-Bu Koryo stuff Hai-Tai Kukdong Const No. of listed Affiliates 8 9 12 3 7 6 5 7 3 5 5 4 2 5 4 5 2 2 5 1 2 2 Notes Data as of 1989 with the exception of LG (1992) Source Business Groups in China Compared with Korean Chaebols by Keun Lee and Wing T. Woo 9 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Exhibit 2 Affiliated companies within the Samsung Group Industry Electronics Case Samsung ElectronicsAffliated Companies Samsung Electronics Samsung Electro-Mechanics Samsung SDI Samsung Corning Samsung SDS Samsung Networks Samsung Corning Precisions Glass Samsung overburdened Industries Samsung Techwin Samsung General Chemicals Samsung Petrochemicals Samsung Fine Chemicals Samsung BP Chemicals Samsung Life Insurance Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Samsung Card Samsung Securities Samsung Capital Samsung Investment Trust Management Samsung Venture Investment Samsung engineering Cheil Industries Samsung Everland Shilla Hotel & Resorts Cheil Communications SI confederacy Samsung Lions Samsung Medical CenterMachinery & Heavy Industries Chemicals Financial Services Miscellaneous Note This table shows the most important affiliate companies within the Samsung Group for the period of interest. 10 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics Exhibit 3a Ownership structure of Companies in the Samsung Chaebol. (all figures in %s) No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Name of Firms Samsung Electronics Samsung Display Devices Samsung Co.Samsung Motors Samsung Heavy Industri es Samsung Electro-mechanics Samsung Life Insurance Samsung Aerospace Industries Cheil Wool Textile Samsung General Chemicals Samsung Precision Chemicals Samsung Corning Hotel Shilla Samsung Securites Samsung Engineering Samsung Winners Card SI Corporation Samsung Everland Samsung factor in Financing The Joong-Ang Daily News Samsung Petro-Chemicals Samsung Commercial Motors Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Owner Family 5. 41 2. 32 Directors Non-profit & foundation Managers 0. 13 2. 44 0. 49 0. 02 0. 16 0. 19 0. 13 30. 60 0. 08 0. 46 25. 00 0. 05 0. 10 0. 74 0. 1 0. 64 6. 20 0. 06 SelfOwned 3. 52 2. 89 5. 17 Total of Affiliate Firms 15. 83 19. 77 19. 55 38. 36 27. 35 27. 54 2. 25 26. 47 2. 20 89. 39 39. 15 49. 36 12. 67 22. 33 16. 03 90. 27 22. 48 23. 99 100. 00 14. 92 36. 33 100. 00 13. 05 1. 42 0. 03 3. 00 15. 00 5. 00 3. 23 0. 85 0. 30 0. 84 31. 20 1. 35 0. 01 6. 23 67. 30 41. 80 0. 36 4. 50 0. 68 3. 98 Source Business Group in China Compared with Korean Cheabols by Keun Lee and W ing T. Woo 11 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics Exhibit 3b Detailed Break-up of Affiliate Shareholding Provided Above (all figures in %s)Decomposition of shares by major affiliates No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Name of Firms Samsung Electronics Samsung Display Devices Samsung Co. Samsung Motors Samsung Heavy Industries Samsung Electro-mechanics Samsung Life Insurance Samsung Aerospace Industries Cheil Wool Textile Samsung General Chemicals Samsung Precision Chemicals Samsung Corning Hotel Shilla Samsung Securites Samsung Engineering Samsung Winners Card SI Corporation Samsung Everland Samsung Factoring Financing The Joong-Ang Daily News Samsung Petro-Chemicals Samsung Commercial Motors Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance 2 3 4. 45 5 6 7 8. 16 5. 39 6. 22 8 9 0. 61 0. 09 0. 07 0. 60 14 0. 01 0. 01 13. 24 18 0. 15 0. 28 1. 24 20 0. 45 23 2. 00 3. 19 10. 87 21. 11 18. 92 21. 92 8. 13 3. 82 9. 31 48. 36 5. 72 16. 03 54. 37 10. 40 12. 74 7. 45 0. 28 2. 48 6. 08 2. 56 4. 92 5. 59 7. 75 2. 20 0. 03 0. 12 25. 90 0. 90 3. 51 2. 25 0. 33 0. 30 3. 44 10. 14 37. 79 6. 20 10. 28 0. 29 0. 21 1. 47 14. 40 11. 39 1. 89 25. 00 3. 92 10. 00 21. 50 3. 45 1. 00 6. 95 10. 62 4. 75 5. 49 9. 95 5. 00 0. 25 2. 50 100. 00 11. 49 8. 50 16. 40 0. 13 17. 10 1. 01 4. 75 9. 93 1. 56 Source Business Group in China Compared with Korean Cheabols by Keun Lee and Wing T. Woo 12 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics Exhibit 4a Contribution of Samsung Electronics (parent company only) to Samsung Group. All figures in Billion won Samsung Electronics (parent company) 1997 1998 20,084 313 20,776 13,806 6,970 1999 26,118 3,170 24,710 11,378 13,332 1997 Samsung Group Samsung Electronic (parent co. ) as a % of Samsung Group 1999 106,730 2,511 133,213 101,023 32,190 1997 11. % 25. 5% 12. 3% 10. 6% 22. 7% 1998 23. 4% 131. 5% 19. 1% 15. 4% 36. 3% 1999 24. 5% 126. 2% 18. 5% 11. 3% 41. 4% 1998 85,788 238 109,022 89,839 19,183 gross s ales Net Income Assets Liabilities Shareholders Equity Source Samsung Website 18,465 124 23,066 17,236 5,830 161,448 487 187,824 162,120 25,704 Exhibit 4b Contribution of Samsung Electronics (consolidated basis) to Samsung Group. All figures in Billion Won Samsung Electronics (consolidated) 1997 Sales Net Income Assets Liabilities Shareholders Equity Source Samsung WebsiteSamsung Group Samsung Electronic (parent co. ) as a % of Samsung Group 1999 106,730 2,511 133,213 101,023 32,190 1997 14. 0% -125. 3% 17. 1% 16. 9% 18. 1% 1998 30. 0% -152. 1% 22. 1% 21. 2% 26. 5% 1999 30. 1% 126. 4% 21. 9% 15. 8% 40. 9% 1998 1999 32,088 3,175 29,178 16,004 13,174 1997 161,448 487 187,824 162,120 25,704 1998 85,788 238 109,022 89,839 19,183 22,682 25,772 (610) (362) 32,035 27,386 4,649 24,105 19,016 5,089 13 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung ElectronicsExhibit 5 Closing price of Samsung Electronic Shares and the lining Trend of its Stock Price. Daily Closing Price of Samsung Electronic s Shares September 1, 1996 to December 31, 1997 80,000. 0 Share Price in Korean Won 70,000. 0 60,000. 0 50,000. 0 40,000. 0 30,000. 0 20,000. 0 10,000. 0 1/1/97 2/1/97 3/1/97 4/1/97 5/1/97 6/1/97 7/1/97 8/1/97 10/1/96 11/1/96 12/1/96 9/1/97 10/1/97 11/1/97 12/1/97 Day Close Linear (Close) 14 Prof. Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes Case Samsung Electronics Exhibit 6 Profile of Directors on the Samsung Electronics Board No.Name of Director 1 Kun-Hee Lee 2 Jong-Yong Yun 3 Hak-Soo Lee 4 Yoon-Woo Lee 5 Dae-Je Chin 6 Doh-Seok Choi 7 In-Joo Kim 8 Jing-Wan Kim 9 Sung Rai Choi 10 Soon-Taek Kim 11 Jin-Hoon Je 12 Joong-Koo Lee 13 Yang-Gyu Park 14 Hong-Sik Ko 15 Soo-Woong Park 16 Jae Yong Lee Designation Chairman & CEO, Samsung Electronics feebleness Chairman & CEO, Samsung Electronics chairwoman & CEO, Group Reformation Headquarters, Samsung Electronics president & CEO, Device Solutions Network, Samsung Electronics President & CEO, Digital Media Network, Samsung Electronics President & CFO, Samsung Electronics Executive VP, Group Reformation Headquarters, Samsung Electronics President & CEO, Samsung Heavy Industries President & CEO, Samsung Petrochemicals Vice President & CEO, Samsung SDI Company Ltd. Vice President & CEO, Samsung Factor Financing President & CEO, Samsung Techwin Company Ltd. President & CEO, Samsung Networks President & CEO, Samsung General Chemicals Company Ltd. Vice President & CEO, Samsung Fine Chemicals Ltd. Family Relation none None None None None None None None None None None None None None None 7 Ra-Hee Hong Lee 18 Soo-Bin Lee 19 Hyeon-Gon Kim 20 Chong-Yeul Pae 21 Kap-Hyun Lee 22 Suk-Soo Kim 23 Tetsuo Iwasaki Owns 25. 1% of the shares of Samsung Everland, which Son of Kun-Hee controls Samsung Life, the holding company of Lee Samsung Group Director General, Samsung Museums. Wife of Kun-Hee Lee Chairman & CEO, Samsung Life Insurance Company None Vice President & CEO, Samsung BP Chemicals Company Ltd. CEO, Samsung Corporation Advisor, Boston Consulting Gr oup President Law Office of Suk-Soo Kim None None None None Chairman/CEO/President Applied Komatsu None engine room Note The information provided in this exhibit is for illustrative purposes only. It does not reflect the real board structure at the Samsung Electronic Corporation. 15

Long or Short Vacation

Name Phan Thi Thanh Giang Email emailprotected com ESSAY 1 Topic Some state believe that students should be partn single long spend from each unmatchable year. Others believe that students should have several succinct vacations throughout the year. Which viewpoint do you take for? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. No one can deny that a vacation has many benefits for students. In Viet Nam, it has long been a controversy whether give a vacation should be long or short. Most of students think that is great if they have several short vacations each year while others disagree. both opinions have their own advantages and disadvantages.From my point of view, it is better to have several shorts vacations throughout the years. The reasons are as follows. In my personal experience, almost people desire vacations especially students. Short vacations can help students decrease pressures or depressions from their overloaded study, hard examinations and parents de sires had better than a long vacation. Speaking of study pressures, students always blend in a tense state in which they have to cope with a plenty of continuous problems a series of required knowledge they moldiness study and a chain of examination they must take are ruining childrens pure mind day by day.To deal with this, one short vacation leave be capable of giving a hand to the children who are in need of help to decreases these stresses. The students will have liberal time to adapt to occurrence and balance their daily life, their academic study after sorrows. If theres only one long vacation per year, the students will only have one chance to face one stress while continuous matters happen steadily during the terms. In addition, students can regain aptitude easier and better by several shorts vacations. Shorter vacations are more(prenominal) rejuvenating.During the year, I am able to take several short prompts to smaller towns, beaches, mountains in the skirt area of where I live and I feel so much more refreshed when returning to study after one of these short vacations. Similarly, with short vacations I am able to sometimes go by myself or take friends, so there is always a sense of variety with each trip. By contrast, one long vacation can be tiring and at times quite boring. Indeed, after a long vacation, it is so hard-fought to restart my studying with highest efforts. In almost cases, it takes long time to adapt to study environment.Finally, short vacations make both students and their parents arrange plans for entertain or live on easier than one long vacation. The parents can send their children to short-term holiday camps or just have them travel. Likewise, the students in university can take short tours to domestic vacation spots. Such travels cost less money and are more available than long tours. Take my relationship for an example. Last summer holiday, my uncle sent my cousins to my grandmother because he did not have time to care of them in approximated 2 months. On the other hand, for one-month vacation, my aunt sent her son to Army-term summer trip.He said to me that the trip is the wonderful experience. The issue whether students should be given one long vacation each year or they should have several vacations throughout the year is the one that is open for debate. Although a long vacation has also some advantages, I think short vacation is better in many ways. Students have more chances to decrease pressures or depressions from their overloaded study, hard examinations and parents desires. They can also regain energy easier and better. In addition, short vacations make both students and their parents arrange plans for entertain or travel easier.

Protestant Reformation Essay Essay

Have you aver questioned authority or top nonch forces than yourself? Martin Luther and joke Calvin, devil famous theologians deeply questioned their times authority, the Catholic Church. These two had created a new way of thinking and voicing it out, especially when it comes to religion. Questioning the Catholic Church and the works that came with that made both of them landmark points in the humankinds history but the question relies on why they attacked the fundamental principles of the church. The strong opposition to selling indulgences and that anyone could make its way to heaven if they had the right join of capital was what ignited the reformation, including Martin Luther 95 theses against indulgences.Later on came antic Calvins work against the Catholic Church including the geneva reform and his idea of preordination, the idea that deity is willing all of the events that can happen in ones life. Both of these theologians had intentions of creating a truer adaption of the Christian religion and created their take in form and version of Catholicism, Calvinism and Lutheranism. Some viewed these new branches/forms of Christianity as a new way of interpreting the religion and some according to Prentice Hall world history conception it would be a chance to throw off the rule of both the Church and the Holy Roman Empire. (Ellis and Esler 64) In a whole, both of their works were a way to challenge and attack the Church and to voice out their ideas, which differed from those of the religious political science.In this time period, late 15th through the end of the 16th century, the Catholic Church was the predominant authority and religion in most of Europe, it had a set of rules, in theory based on the bible, that everyone had to follow. However, these so called laws from the bible were limited and made to arrange the leaders, especially rich individuals. unrivaled of the main laws was flagrantly un contact and hoi polloi understood that but coul dnt voice it out fearing the superior powers in rule. This law, of course was in the advantage of the most fortunate and the richest. This was the law selling indulgence and accepting off your sins, meaning that if you had the right amount of money one could pay its way to heaven. As said earlier, several people believed it wasnt correct and equal however the problem they faced in those times was that a wide range of people did not know how to read and had no evidence or proof that what the Catholic Church said was opposite from what was written in the bible.When well-educated theologians such Martin Luther heard about such law, he found it unacceptable, to demonstrate it, he wrote a set of points against selling indulgences and how indulgences should be. This straightaway challenged the teachings of the Catholic Church on the nature of penance, the authority of the pope and the usefulness of indulgences. (Theopedia, Encyclopedia of Christianity) Luther posted these points on the Churchs door and it grabbed people attention, in time a wide range of people believed that these points were true. This was the spark of Lutheranism, a new branch of Christianity based on the Martin Luthers ideas and works.Few years later came John Calvin, a theologian and reformer. Calvin attacked at his turn the Catholic Church. He, very akinly to Luther, believed that selling indulgences wasnt correct and more importantly he embraced the concept of predestination, the touch that God is wanting and knows everything that might happen in ones life. He also created a theocracy a government that was ran by church headmen. establish on his ideas and concepts he created, at his turn, a new branch of Christianity. This was an separate challenge forwarded to Catholic Church.On the other hand, the Catholic Church did not alternate any of its laws through out the reformation period. Catholicism compared in numerous ways with both Calvinism and Lutheranism on many subjects. In Catholici sm, the bible is one ascendant of truth and church tradition is another source of truth. However in Calvinism and Lutheranism, the bible is the only source of truth. These branches also differ in how the belief is revealed, in Catholicism the priest interprets the bible and people are transmitted that information through Church teachings. On the other side, in the two other branches, people read and interpret the bible for them to find what is written. Catholicism also believes that redemption is achieved through faith and good work, and most importantly that one can pay off its sins with current money this is way the branches differ.Selling indulgences was the result of needing money to finance lavish pope lives, and the artists they paid to work for them. This meant that the Catholic Church was astray moving away from the original scriptural writing and interpreting it differently to finance personal projects. In these cases religion wasnt respected and that is what mainly spar ked these handsome reforms. In Catholicism, the only way to achieve salvation is through faith and good works. At those times, popes and renaissance leaders took advantage of all of these modified biblical rules and mind washed people to achieve once again personal projects.This branch of Catholicism also gave a disadvantage of unfortunate people, lower classes and suffering people. During the reformation times, poor people did not know how to read and therefore could read and have their own interpretation of the bible. Their only way to know what is supposedly written was through the priests interpretation and Church teaching. However, as stated earlier these teachings and passing of religious laws were not accurate, they were modified by the priests and fastness class barons, which obviously gave them an advantage.Lutheranism was the first branch that appeared. When Martin Luther posted the 95 theses on the Churchs doors, he expected an obvious opposition by the leaders and aut horities. When Luthers ideas started spreading the Church asked him to remove all of his works and let his projects down. Instead he developed even more radical and new doctrines. (Ellis and Esler 63) One of the key factors to the spread of his ideas was the existence Gutenbergs invention, the printing press. It made it possible to print a large amount of copies of the 95 theses. Among his ideas, he stated that salvation could be achieved through faith and faith alone, compared to Catholicism and Calvinism.Martin also said that at the heads church should be an elected council. Calvinism was also a source of inspiration to all of the peasants that believed that this rule has been brain washing them and in favor of the richest. It ignited revolts all over Europe and results in socio-economic changes these were mainly endow through out Germany. One of the points Luther stressed is that all Christians should have the same and equal access to religion and God. This was an immense attac k to the principles of the Catholic Church.What was making the Catholic Churchs head so influent and imposing was being attacked, those times people not accessing accurate information made it possible for the authorities to remain. However, with these new prominent and seemingly fair ideas, the Church was vulnerable to new revolts and opposition. Last, Lutheranism also was a wonderful opportunity to gain power. Small German princes embraced Lutheranism for the unprejudiced reason to overthrown the current Catholic Church. On the other side, Lutheranism doesnt share a lot of details with Catholicism they both share monotheist views, faith in God and Jesus as well as other broad and large concepts.Lastly, Calvinism came to create a new reformed type of Protestant Christianity. John Calvin, the major author of this new branch was himself a reformer and had lived in various European countries, he was a refugee among refugees. (Vosloo 3) However once in Geneva, Protestant wanted him to lead their people. To do that Calvin created a theocracy, a government led by church leaders. They later on gave birth to Calvinism, which was fundamentally attached to the predestination concept.. To Calvinists, predestination is what rules our everyday life and our future, God knows what we did, do, and will do.They also believe in the idea that God has already determined who would acquire salvation, and that the world contained two different types of people, those who sinned and saints At its turn it was a way to challenge the Catholic Church since it strictly denied the existence of predestination and that there wasnt such thing. Calvinism was not very far different from Lutheranism, both believed that the bible is the only source of information and that every citizen should read and interpret the bible by his or her own means.In this branch, work and honesty, Calvinism was so strict that anyone that engaged in laughing in church, dancing, or fighting would be heavily fined. Nev ertheless, Calvinism expanded through visitors and travelers that came to Geneva to embrace the concept of Calvinism, and then brought it back home. This was so successful that in Scotland a Calvinist rebel defeated the Catholic Queen and gained power. On the other side of the English Canal, violent war was going on between Calvinists and Christians.To conclude, the reformation was a time period of questioning, a time of new reforms and equal laws. Martin Luther and John Calvin were the landmarks in these times and were the ones that ignited the reformation. Creating new religious branches, Calvinism and Lutheranism, which embraced laws that gave an opportunity to the poor to understand the true meaning of the bible. Giving this opportunity to unfortunate people helped start new socio-economic reforms in their favor.It was the fruit of Luther and Calvins questioning of the Church and the attack of their principles. By writing the 95 theses against selling indulgences, Luther made pe ople sure that the Churchs laws were not always coherent. The peoples huge uncertainty toward the Catholic Church made it easier for Calvin to impose new beliefs such as predestination and a more refined and clean way of living religion. All three branches of Christianity had both common and non-common points however Lutheranism and Calvinism were much more similar than to Catholicism.

Learning Team A- Value Alignment Paper Essay

Origins and subsequent evolution of your personal and workplace determine in that respect be many values and ethics that go into creating a successful and profitable workplace. Many companies adopt their personal values into the workplace to help aide in the daily task that needs to be completed. Adopting personal values into workplace help set standards that allow for follow-up and future growth of the business. several(prenominal) examples of good personal values to have in the work place argon along the lines of respect, responsibility and holding yourself to a certain standard. Rolling step forward standards and values such as these will help the organization grow a strong ethical foundation for a successful business.Values, Actions, and Behaviors, and the Alignment betwixt Your Values and Actions and Behaviors Values provide a basis for perceiving or understanding the world and allowing a person to decipher which sue would be most appropriate. heed needs to be taken sin ce individual values are instilled over a lifetime and may not direct an individual initially to the dress hat course of action or ongoing behavior. The get holdment between values and actions or behaviors is strong and positively correlated. When a person makes a rash or split decision, that decision is formulated primarily from the values or previous experiences. Therefore it is measurable to continually reflect on what the individual sees as important to the job in which he or she is fulfilling. This type of monitoring will allow individuals, managers, and organizations to revise and tweak specific values to properly align to what is anticipate of individual employees in the workplace.Alignment of Fords Stated Values and Actual Plans and Actions The Ford Motor Company abides and thrives on their current mission and survey disputation which is One Ford, One Team, One Plan, One Goal. This mission and vision statement is expanded upon emphasizing the importance of working toge ther as a team, accelerating development of bleak products, aggressively restructuring to operate profitably, improving finances, and to deliver profitable growth for everyone. Their mission and vision is simple, yet profound and collectively motivates and guides Ford to new heights. Ford is an innovative company and is rated at the top of their field. Their hard work, ingenuity, innovations, values, and corporate mission and visions are what continue to take Ford to higher levels of success.The company is bounteous in history and takes pride in what they do. They value family and community. They are large contributors to many causes including the American Red Cross, feeding the hungry, and supporting local neighborhoods. Their ability to align themselves solely with their stated values and their action plans is impressive. It is what makes them successful and what draws people to purchase a Ford over other vehicles. Bringing teams of top individuals in their individual fields to gether to create and develop a vehicle like no other is one way that Ford aligns itself with its middle values and its action plan. Differences and Degree of Alignment between Personal and Fords Values As individuals, identification of the core values governing how we live our lives is vital in our private, working, and social behavior.A corporation as large as Ford Motor Company must identify the organizations core values before engaging in strategic planning and developing an action plan. Ford clearly aligns their core organizational values with their focus on fostering by collaborating with communities to develop innovation in education. The Ford College Community Challenge Grant is awarded annually for outstanding school projects. The Blue Oval Scholar scholarships are awarded to high school seniors every year. Ford is also committed to developing safe and affordable vehicles for their domestic and international customers.Teamwork is emphasized in their mission statement becau se they look at all stakeholders as part of the same team with the same amount of vested interest in the success of the organization. This is demonstrated in every facet of how the Ford Motor Company operates in business processes, humanitarian, and philanthropic endeavors. The only differences between the plans and actions of the Ford Motor Companys in implementing their core organizational values and the values of learning team A is their ability and responsibility to use their vast resources to make it happen. Learning team A are individuals who value teamwork, honesty, humanity, social responsibility, education, family, and community so our values align with the stated values of the Ford Motor Company.ReferencesFord Motor Company, One Ford charge and Vision, (2013). Retrieved on February 2, 2013 from http//www.corporate.ford.com/our-company. The Journal of JVBL Values Based Leadership, (2013). Retrieved on February 2, 2013 from http//www.valuesbasedleadershipjournal.com/issues/ vol1issue1/dean.php.

Why are Keralans better of than other Indians?

There be many an radical(prenominal)(prenominal) reasons why the sight in Kerala have a snap off standard of living than in other Indian states. Some of the reasons are to do with nature and some are to do with human decisions.The secernate of Kerala is good for farming. There are many natural advantages, for example large amounts of precipitation, with 120-140 rainy days per year, Kerala has a wet, tropical climate, consequently making the s oil incredibly fertile. The climate is very humid and wet, which is perfect to experience crops.A map of IndiaThe presidency of Kerala made some unusual decisions about how to run the state. They introduced land reform, which basically means the governance give every family one hectare of land each. The government prevent the rich to ingest more(prenominal) then 10 hectares by buying the land off them, as a resolving everyone dos an opportunity to own something, this then gives the curt starting points to earn money, whereas in other Indian states the poor stay poor because they do not receive the level of help required. Over 1.5 million folkless families benefited from land reform. Land reform Meant Keralans could grow food on their properties for consumption (for survival) and sell it for a better standard of living.Many Keralans have stopped growing only rice and now have a greater variety of crops. Keralans now grow tapioca, ginger, bananas and coconuts. Farmers sell less rice because the rice from the state of Tamil Nadu is significantly cheaper because the workers get paid a considerably smaller wage. Keralans want to grow more advantageous crops to be able to pay for after school classes for their children. Growing one hectare of rice gets only 25, 000 rupees nevertheless growing coconuts make 50, 000 rupees. Coconut palms, as an example, have many different uses. Coconuts can be apply sell or consume, (ear or drink the juices). Used to make cosmetics, fuel for cooking, the residue from making oil is used for cattle food. Coconuts are useful for making mats and ropes. Coconut leaves are used to thatch roofs.Keralans are better educated than other Indians. Keralans are given free education, I personally think this is a beneficial idea to educate the children because they are the future, the Keralans are thinking about the long-term effects of a free education whereas the other Indian states do not give education unless the citizens give money. The Keralan government provide free education, however the classes are exceptionally large, as a result the children would not get the right amount of education necessary.This is why parents work hard on farms to produce the best attribute of crops. Selling as much as possible and getting the largest possible yield means more money, that way the children have a better chance of doing well academically. Well educated Keralans get the opportunity to work abroad as they get more money this way, hence, wages for farm labourers are high in Kerala than in the neighbouring state of Tamil Nadu, as fewer workers are available. Money is sent home from abroad, for that reason, the Keralans have money to spend, they can leave manufactured goods and this encourages new businesses to start up. New jobs means more jobs available in Kerala other than farming which is very hard and tiring. Parents do not want their children to do that. People with jobs have a better standard of living. This all leads to a developed, better state for the people of Kerala to live in.I think that the state of Kerala is more developed than other parts of India because they can afford to spend money on manufactured goods, meaning more businesses are likely to start up. Because of this new jobs are available for the children that are not very intelligent or that did badly at school. The Keralan government realise that educating children is a necessity because when they are old and ill and need a doctor it testament be one of those children, so in the future everyone benefits from this.

George Killed Lennie for Merciful Reasons

Of Mice and Men George Killed Lennie for Merciful Reasons A true friendship is one in which friends care deeply enough to anticipate one anothers needs and are willing to put their friends needs before their own. Their correlative love en fitteds them to make sacrifices only to protect each other. In the novella, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, George killing Lennie is a merciful kill to save others from Lennies unintentional acts of aggression, to spare Lennie from suffering a cruel death, and instead ensuring a peaceful and dissolute departure one that will cause George the least regrets.George begins to see a chemical formula of aggression coming from Lennie and wants to put it to an end because Lennie is hurting too many others unintentionally and he sees Lennie is quickly to frustrate and panic and is lacking in the ability to control his violent reactions. Lennie has killed many mice, a pup, and at last a woman. Although Lennie may not want to kill any other living bei ngs, it is in his nature to become aggressive and angry when frustrated. He typically believes he Wasnt doin nothing bad (Steinbeck 9) with the mice and he was Jus strokin it (Steinbeck 9).He cannot contain his pettishness and that often leads to an unrestrained use of his strength. Because Lennie n constantly has the intention to kill anything, he can feel an considerable amount of guilt and remorse as seen when he runs out of the barn crying, l done a real bad thing I shouldnt of did that (Steinbeck 92), after killing Curlers wife. Despite Lennies remorse, he does not perceptiveness the salwaysity and the consequences of his actions. This is not so very much due to Lennies slowness but more because of Georges protective nature, preventing Lennie from ever having to face any consequences.Nonetheless, George sees that Lennie is unable to learn from his mistakes and fears the pattern is going to continue and that he is unable to swap Lennie. George feels Justified in killing Lennie because he knows that in the long run he would be able to spare many other lives and prevent Lennie from all the pain and anguish from the remorse Lennie feels after his aggressions. Georges finding to kill his best friend is to prevent a horrific and undeserved fate that awaits Lennie unless there is nigh intervention. He does not want Lennie to be killed by Curley or sent to Jail.George clearly can esthesis Curleys anger and vindictive nature or so Lennie killing his wife. It is quite apparent that Curley wants Justice and revenge and is find to make Lennie suffer Curleys face reddened. Im goin Im gonna shoot the goats rues outta that big bastard myself (Steinbeck 98). Shooting Lennie in the gut would cause he him to slowly bleed to death, ensuring a long, harrowing death. Even if Curley is not to succeed in killing Lennie in this gruesome manner, the other likely outcome is that Lennie is sentenced and put in Jail for potentially a lifetime.Initially, in light of th e possibility of Curlers revenge, George considers Jail to be a safe haven sham We gotta tell the guys. I guess we gotta get im an lock Im up. We cant let im get away And he tries to tranquillize himselt, Maybe theyll lock im up and be nice to im (Steinbeck 94 However, upon further consideration, George realizes that Lennie is incapable of living on his own and fending for himself in Jail and will not last. Either outcome would result in a miserable and slow death for Lennie, and George could not allow his to happen to his best friend.This is how he reaches the conclusion that it is unavoidable for George, himself, to kill Lennie in a humane fashion in order to give him a quick and peaceful death. By shooting Lennie himself, George minimizes his own pain for not letting Lennie die at the custody of a stranger and can also control Lennies last thoughts and feelings. Earlier on in the novella, candy feels deep regret for not being the one to end his dogs life and he tells George , l oughtta view that dog myself I shouldnt oughtta let no stranger shoot my dog (Steinbeck 61).Candy and his dog were lifelong friends and companions, as were Lennie and George. Candys regret makes a lasting impression and Georges recognizes that he too cannot live letting anyone else take Lennies life. Moreover, he ensures that Lennie last moments are filled with Joyous thoughts as he strikes up a conversation about Lennies favorite topic And I get to tend the rabbits. (Steinbeck 105) said Lennie, An you get to tend the rabbits. (Steinbeck 105) responded George, then Lennie giggled with happiness. (Steinbeck 105).And lastly, as Georges last act of friendship, he eassures Lennie with his final words that is he is not mad at Lennie nor that hes ever been. This is to award Lennie with as much peace as a friend could. Overall, Lennie is in a much better place once he dies. He does not to suffer a long and painful death he would not hurt any other humans or animals and is spared the resulting remorse. George feels great freeing and is shaken afterward despite knowing he is Justified in actions. This is a compassionate homicide and George is a true friend. He looks out for Lennies needs and makes sacrifices to the end.